The Electoral College System Essays - 520 Words

The Electoral College System After the last presidential election, which is still underway apparently, there is much controversy over what should happen to the Electoral College system. There are people who say that the Electoral College is good but should be modified to meet the needs of the modern world. There are those who say that the Electoral College system is too outdated to be modified and should be entirely eliminated. Finally there are those who say that it is has stood the test of time and is still the best system for our country. The original framers of the constitution obviously preferred the electoral system to a direct popular election. The argument that historians give for this is that they preferred this system†¦show more content†¦There have been many attempts to reform or even scrap the Electoral College election sense its birth. The most recent one being in 1997 when congress debated a constitutional amendment to replace the electoral system with a direct popular vote system. However the Electoral College system to this day remains virtually un-changed from its original form. The only exception is the twelfth amendment, which requires each elector to cast two votes, one for president and one for vice president. Under the current system there are five hundred and thirty eight electors. Each state gets one elector, each representative, and a senator. A presidential candidate needs two hundred and seventy votes to win the election. The electors meet after the November popular election to cast their votes and officially elect the president. Electors may vote for whomever they wish. Each states electoral votes are awarded on a winner take all bases. The arguments to modify or eliminate the Electoral College system are all derived from the notion that it is outdated. Under the current system if a candidate wins a large states like California, then they win twenty percent of the needed votes even though California only accounts for eleven percent of the U.S. population. Whats more is a president can be elected without winning a majority of the popular vote. This has happened 15 times in U.S. history. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Electoral College Is A System886 Words   |  4 PagesThe Electoral College is a system that the founding fathers established to allow people to vote indirectly for the president. The public does not directly vote for the president and his or her running mate, but intern votes for a representative that has pledged to vote for a certain candidate. Once the electoral votes have been cast, the majority winner wins the presidency. Each state gets a certain number of electoral votes, there is a total of 538 electoral votes, and a majority of 270 votesRead MoreOpponents Of The Electoral College System1703 Words   |  7 PagesOpponents of the Electoral College system also point to the risk of so-called faithless Electors. A faithless Elector is one who is pledged to vote for his party s candidate for president but nevertheless votes for another candidate. There have been 7 such Electors in this century and as recently as 1988 when a Democrat Elector in the State of West Virginia cast his votes for Lloyd Bensen for president and Michael Dukakis for vice president instead of the other way around. Faithless ElectorsRead MoreThe Importance Of The Electoral College System700 Words   |  3 PagesImportance of the Electoral College System Since its establishment the electoral college has always come under fire for the way it executes the election process in the United States. Many people believe that a direct popular vote is the best way to elect president and vice president, rather than the indirect election process used now. Because of this conflict, the question of whether or not the electoral college should be abolished continues to be a heated debate, especially after the most recentRead MoreElectoral College System Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe roots of the Electoral College System can be traced way back to more than 200 years. A controversial debate on the effectiveness of Electoral College continues over years. The founders established it as a resolution between president choice by a vote in congress and choice of the president by qualified citizens’ popular vote. 538 electors constituted the Electoral College and 270 majorities of electoral votes choose the president. The United States got its i ndependence from Great Britain, andRead MoreThe Importance Of The Electoral College System886 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1787 the farmers at The Constitutional Convention put in motion The Electoral College system because of their belief that the average american didn’t have enough education/intelligence to directly pick the president, making the U.S.A. a representative democracy. In brief the Electoral System is made up of a body of repertentivates who were elected by the citizens and in return the electors are suppose to cast their votes on behalf of the people. The number of electors given,was established dependingRead MoreThe Electoral College System Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Electoral College system, as presented by Hamilton, every voice is heard and there is a greater guarantee that the elected will effectively represents those voices in office. During election season, the people in the states vote for the representatives that will make up the Electoral Colle ge. The people within the states will votes for the prudent few that they believe best conform to their political interests, just as they do for those voted into the House of Representatives. As a resultRead MoreThe Electoral College System Is Not Effective1767 Words   |  8 PagesI would change the Electoral College system. Like many other Americans, I feel that the Electoral College system is not effective. It caries a notion of the state versus the people, electors oversee a large part of the country and is change the answer to this issue? I believe that times have changed and we need to reform the electoral system all while not changing the constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America created a system called the Electoral College where it outlinesRead MoreThe Electoral College System Is Outdated And Unfair1670 Words   |  7 Pagesfourth of November an election is taken place to select the next president of the United States. Just recently, in the 2016 election, Hilary Clinton won the popular vote and Donald Trump won the electoral vote, in which he was elected president. This made many Americans question if the electoral college system is outdated and unfair and if the direct popular vote is a more effective way of electing the president. This has happened twice where the candidate who has the popular vote did not win the presidencyRead MoreThe Electoral College For Presidential Election System1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is still one piece of US policy that has long overstayed its welcome. This piece of policy is the use of the electoral college in our presidential election system. The electoral college is a group of individuals who each cast a direct vote for the president. The way that this works is complicated but essentially it boils down to this. Each state has a number of electoral college votes equal to the number of seats they have in the senate plus the number of seats they have in the House of RepresentativesRead MoreThe Electoral College System Of The United States Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesAfter a year of voting and much debate the final decision of electing the 45th president of the United States was once again down to the Electoral College. (history) The Electoral College system was established by the founding fathers around 130 years ago and basically a process used to select the President and vice President of the United States of America (Procon). So when you went to the polls on November 8th and casted your vote for the next president, something else happened behind the scenes

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Pauls Facade

Pauls Facade in All Quiet on the Western Front nbsp; In Erich Maria Remarques novel All Quiet on the Western Front, Paul Baumer paints a vivid picture of the horrors of war. Many of these horrors are purely physical, such as the constant bombardments and gunshots whizzing overhead. But along with these physical horrors come mental and emotional ones. Chief among these is the war mindset that the soldier must acquire in order to survive war. The essence of this mindset is the total disregard for human life, and with it, human beliefs and customs. War requires a suspension of these standard human beliefs and customs. Paul outwardly appears to have acquired this war mindset, but he does not internalize it and thus eventually dies.†¦show more content†¦At some table a document is signed by some persons whom none of us knows, and then for years together that very crime on which formerly the worlds condemnation and severest penalty fall, becomes our highest aim. But who can draw such a distinction when he looks at these quiet men wi th childlike faces and apostles beards. (193-194) nbsp; In war, fraternization with the enemy is forbidden. This is because once a soldier gets to know the enemy a little bit, they will realize that there is really nothing to fight about. Paul captures here both the arbitrariness and inhumanity of war. Since the people actually fighting have no reason to fight, war is arbitrary. Since it breaks the common moral laws of humankind, it is inhumane. The rulers in any war want their soldiers to believe that their cause is the only just, right cause, that the enemy is inferior or not even human, and that it is not only a right but a duty to kill them. For example, look at American propaganda against the Japanese during World War II. By breaking this mold, Paul is forced to realize that the endeavor of war is simply a monument to futility. nbsp; Pauls ability to recognize this most important truth of War is what kills him. He realizes what he has

Allegory Of The Cave Essay Thesis Example For Students

Allegory Of The Cave Essay Thesis Plato believed that most of us have a skewed view of the world. Plato, the most creative and influential of Socrates disciples, wrote dialogues, in which he frequently used the figure of Socrates to espouse his own (Platos) full-fledged philosophy. In The Republic, Plato sums up his views in an image of ignorant humanity, trapped in the depths and not even aware of its own limited perspective. The rare individual escapes the limitations of that cave and, through a long, tortuous intellectual journey, discovers a higher realm, a true reality, with a final, almost mystical awareness of Goodness as the origin of everything that exists. Such a person is then the best equipped to govern in society, having a knowledge of what is ultimately most worthwhile in life and not just a knowledge of techniques; but that person will frequently be misunderstood by those ordinary folks back in the cave who havent shared in the intellectual insight. If he were living today, Plato might replace his rather awkward cave metaphor with a movie theater, with the projector replacing the fire, the film replacing the objects which cast shadows, the shadows on the cave wall with the projected movie on the screen, and the echo with the loudspeakers behind the screen. The essential point is that the prisoners in the cave are not seeing reality, but only a shadowy representation of it. The importance of the allegory lies in Platos belief that there are invisible truths lying under the apparent surface of things which only the most enlightened can grasp. Used to the world of illusion in the cave, the prisoners at first resist enlightenment, as students resist education. But those who can achieve enlightenment deserve to be the leaders and rulers of all the rest. At the end of the passage, Plato expresses another of his favorite ideas: that education is not a process of putting knowledge into empty minds, but of making people realize that which they already know. This notion that truth is somehow embedded in our minds was also powerfully influential for many centuries.In The Allegory of the Cave from Platos Republic, Plato describes untutored people as slaves chained by their limited views and perceptions. Most people never leave this realm of slavery in which they do not see the world accurately, but ignorantly see a skewed view of the world. Everyone is capable of seeing a true reality, for they already do know truth but do not realize it. In order to escape the realms of the cave and see truth, an individual has to embark on an intellectual journey that is painful. Few people ever do embark on this journey in which they realize what they already know. Those that succeed, and leave the cave can see the world accurately from their enlightened perspective. These are the few that truly understand reality and find truth. Plato believed that those who have found truth and understand reality are the people that are most suited to govern in society. This is because these people have an understanding of what the important issues really are. However, ordinary people who have not realized truth will frequently misunderstand those who have, because they have limited perspective rather than an enlightened perspective. The people in government should be there not because they thrive on having power and influence, but because they understand best the principles of government.

Business Ethics Business Essential Organizations

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for Business Essential Organizations. Answer: A business ethics program is essential for any organization. It helps to establish the identity of a company. A business ethics program must be such that the values of the organization reach a wide range of stakeholders. For an effective ethics program, special emphasis must be laid on elements like high commitment level by the board of directors and executive management and statement of the fundamental values of the company. An ethics program must have ethics orientation training for the employees. There must be proper communication between the management and the target audience. The program must have the capability to investigate in case of any allegations and wrongdoings. Also, there must be a formal reporting, operation and implementation of the ethics discussed in an ethics program. Moreover, there must be audits periodically by external and internal auditors. In order to carry out an effective ethics program, the company must establish procedures and standards to detect and prevent criminal conduct. The board of directors or the governing authority must exercise oversight and assign overall responsibility to the personnel at high level. Along with conducting ethics programs, it is important to provide a confidential reporting of the activities, enforce and promote the program, and respond to the detected criminal conduct so that any further criminal activity can be prevented (Kaptein 2015). Corporate social responsibility is defined as the self-regulation that is integrated in to business model. CSR policies are self-regulatory mechanisms. Corporate social responsibilities include management of waste so that pollution is reduced. In involves contribution to programs of education and society. On the other hand, business ethics is a kind of professional or applied ethics. It examines the morality or ethical principles or ethical problems that may arise while running a business. Business ethics is the conduct of an organization and refers to the values or standards that the organization practices (Rossouw and Vuuren 2010). While social responsibility is the responsibility of a company towards the society and environment, business ethics is the conscience of what is good or bad. Things like honesty, keeping promises, integrity, loyalty, respect, fairness, obeying laws, accountability, caring, and respecting are business ethics. Efforts to make environment cleaner and greener, philanthropy, volunteering, and treating employees in a fair and ethical manner is social responsibility (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). Business ethics is important for a business as it helps to build customer loyalty, retain good employees, creates a positive working environment, and keeps legal problems away. Unfair treatment of consumers would drive them away. If dedicated and good workers are not rewarded, they would soon leave the company. Business ethics must be employed not only by the management but also by the employees. Conducts like theft and fraud are detrimental for both the company and employees and must be completely avoided. Individual factors like values, morals, knowledge, personal goals, and personality affect the ethical behavior of a person within an organization. More knowledge about a subject would prompt a better ethical decision. Lack of an appropriate knowledge may lead a person to an unethical path. Values are the standard or judgment of an individual. Lying to achieve success or win contracts are deemed as unethical and is a wrong way of running a business. Morals of a person also influence the ethics of an individual. Morals are developed by people because of cultural norms and these cultural norms affect ethics largely. Pushing a person to buy a product that would not be beneficial is not a sign of good morality and hence not ethical. Lastly, an individuals personal goals affect the ethics of a workplace. If a persons only goal is to acquire money without thinking about the consequences, the act is unethical. Also, the personality is an important factor in determining the ethical conduct of a person at work. People with a tendency to take more risks tend to be unethical (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). The behavior and personality of the manager, reward system, selection system, explicit policies and rules, and the kind of values adopted within the organization are some of the organizational factors that affect business ethics (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). White collar is a crime committed by government and business professionals. First defined in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland, white collar crime is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. Crimes like labor racketeering, bribery, identity theft, forgery, Ponzi schemes, cybercrime, embezzlement, and fraud are some of the white collar crimes (Piquero and Clipper 2014). Research says that people with antisocial personality disorder or narcissistic issues generally indulge in white collar crimes. Such criminals start with smaller crimes and eventually commit larger crimes. Excessive self interest leads people to commit white collar crimes. White collar crimes are thus mostly psychologically induced crimes. Such criminals deem misconduct as a route to success. Moreover, excessive desire to increase profitability and corporate efficiency lead individuals to white collar crimes. Illegal dumping of waste without any management is also a crime. Companies try to escape such waste management system as it is not cost effective. They are unable to accept the responsibility for their actions (Levi 2013). Mostly fraud and misleading advertisements are designed to increase profits and disable competitors. There are two types of stakeholders to which a company must owe a degree of social responsibility. Stakeholders can be categorized into primary and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are the internal stakeholders and engage in the economic transactions of the business. It comprises suppliers, employees, creditors, and customers. Secondary stakeholders on the other hand, are external stakeholders who may not engage in economic transactions directly. Communities, business support groups, media, activist groups, and the general public are the secondary stakeholders (Harrison and Wicks 2013). A company must be responsible to both the primary and the secondary stakeholders as the action of the company may affect these groups both directly or indirectly. Companies must show their responsibility towards its employees for they are the most important stakeholders of an organization and contribute their expertise and labor to an organization. Employees are directly involved with the growth of a company and hence must be given most priority. The board of directors, stockholders, partners, donors and funders are some of the other important stakeholders of an organization. Stockholders are also one of the most important and powerful stakeholders as they own the shares of the company. They are economically involved with the company. They have the right to buy or sell shares, obtain dividends when declared, nominate directors, vote for the directors and keep the assets after liquidation. Though secondary stakeholders are not directly involved with the economy and finance of a company, they are essential and may impact a company largely. Environmental activists and general public for instance, may oppose the actions of a company if it violates environmental rules and harm the ecological balance. Such protests are a negative publicity and generate ill will for the company (Bourne 2016). Bribery is one of the major tools of corruption and is used by individuals and companies around the world to buy things or contracts or labor. Bribery is considered a sin and has different names in different countries. For instance, it is named la mordita in Latin America, baksheesh in the Middle East, bustarella in Italy, hai go or hung pao in Hong Kong, dash in some parts of Africa, pot de vin in France and schmiergelder in Germany. (Rose-Ackerman and Palifka 2016). It is a concept argued by many organizations and individuals that companies are not expected to adhere to ethical practices in places where corruption and bribery is very high. In most countries, it is very common to bribe government officials, locals, and other stakeholders to negotiate contracts and deriving the best out of them. In some countries, bribing agents is very much acceptable. Those who employ the agent may disclaim responsibility at any moment. In some other countries, government officials and general publ ic accept bribe as they are not paid adequate salary. In such situations, people are bribed to induce them to do what they must do. This kind of bribery also called grease may take the form of extortion. Maintaining secrecy while payment is also a kind of bribery and is considered improper. The definition and intensity of bribery thus varies from country to country depending on the ethical standards of the population, their economic standards, and society in which they live. Implementation of a worldwide legislation and regulations and a strict implementation of those rules may reduce this form of corruption to some extent (Cuervo-Cazurra 2016). Corporate governance can be defined as a system of rules and regulations, processes, and practices employed by the government to control and direct the company. It mostly involves balancing the interests of the stakeholders such as management, shareholders, financers, community, government, and customers. Corporate governance provides a framework to a company for obtaining its objectives. It encompasses internal controls, management system, action plans, corporate disclosure, and measurement of performance of a company (ArAs 2016.). The direct primary stakeholder that influences corporate governance is the board of directors as they represent a companys shareholder. It is the board that makes decisions on the behalf of shareholders and takes care of a companys financial well- being. The board looks after the firing and hiring executives, setting broad goals for the company, ensuring adequate resources for the company, and looking after proper management system of the company (Tricker 2015). One of the major issues regarding corporate governance is that of the responsibilities and roles between the boards and shareholders. A company may oversee management of risk. It may not identify and assess the risks that might emerge as a result of increasing footprint. Another issue is that of auditing and financial reporting. Corporate social responsibility or corporate conscience is a kind of corporate self-regulation incorporated into a business model. It is a self-regulatory mechanism to ensure the active compliance of a business with the laws and monitor the activities. It maintains the international norms and ethical standards of a company. It is argued that firms that operate with a CSR perspective are bound to have long-term profits. On the other hand, some critics argue that CSR distract a business from its economic role (Carroll 2015). The corporate responsibilities of a company can be organized into a pyramid whereby the economic responsibility of a company comes at the bottom. It is the basic responsibility of a company. The next in the pyramid is the legal responsibilities. A company must abide by the laws to ensure a smooth, profitable running of the company. Environmental law, security regulations, and criminal law are some of the laws that a company must adhere. The next is the ethical resp onsibilities which include fair wages, paying dues to employees, and creating a friendly working environment. Philanthropic responsibilities are placed at the top of the pyramid. This responsibility comes into play once all the other responsibilities are met. This responsibility include an effort to benefit society, donating services, engaging in projects that are beneficial for the environment or engaging in charitable programs and donating money to charitable trusts (Korschun et al 2014). There are seven key steps that must be considered while implementing an effective ethics program in an organization or company. Firstly, a company must establish procedures and standards to detect and prevent criminal conduct. The company must effectively communicate the right standards and procedures. Secondly, a company must give specific responsibilities to the committee of executives or the senior executive. The board of directors must see that the plans are implemented properly. It is equally important that the employees understand their responsibility and follow the procedures. Thirdly, a company must not give any role to a person who has a record of criminal activity. However, the company must consider the degree of misconduct. Fourthly, a company can make ethical programs effective by implementing programs through training and education. They must be given proper education and training about accounting, favors and gifts, unfair trade practices, labor standards, confidential i nformation, and organizational property. Fifthly, it is crucial to audit the program to make sure that the elements of the program are implemented properly. It is necessary to see the effectiveness of the program periodically. A company must provide guidelines to the employees to monitor and report any misconduct. Next, there must be appropriate incentives so that employees are encouraged to comply with the programs. This would help them to impose necessary disciplinary measures if employees fail to comply with the programs. Lastly, after misconduct has been identified, a company must address them and take proper measures to correct them (Beeri et al. 2013). The word teleological has been derived from the Greek work telos meaning end, goal, or purpose. Teleological is thus the study of ends, goals, and purposes. A moral theory is teleological when it defines and explains the right actions. For instance, a moral theory maintaining the rightness of an action and achieving the goal is theological theory. Aristotles theory of ethics and Utilitarianism are examples of teleological ethics. Teleology is result- oriented ethics. It is also known as consequentialism. It generally focuses on the purpose of every action that a person takes and their consequences. It examines past experiences to analyze the present actions (Berker 2013). Deontological perspective on the other hand is duty- based ethics. They are mostly the moral duties taught to an individual as a child. People are molded from their very childhood through deontological ethics. Deontological ethics assesses the rightness or wrongness of an action. It is based mostly on the obligations and duties of a person towards another person or living things or the environment. It is based on moral values and beliefs. While teleological ethics is based on the outcomes and results of the actions of an individual, deontological ethics finds its basis on the absolute duty of man towards mankind. Here the action is given more priority than the results (Conway and Gawronski 2013). Yes, my understanding of ethics has changed after studying this subject. Ethics is mostly the general behavior of a person towards another person. Earlier I thought that ethics is regarded as the morality of a person. But now, after studying the term, I came to know that ethics is applicable individually as well as in an organization. It is a highly regarded term in business. It has various perspectives like the teleological and the ontological. Various ethical programs are conducted and organized by companies so that they experience a hassle free and smooth running. There are ethics while considering environmental concerns. They are environmental ethics. Not only an organization, but individuals within a society must also abide by those moral codes and inculcate within them environmental ethics to protect the environment and help to achieve ecological balance. Ethics is thus, the concept of right or wrong. (a) Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment comprises unwelcome sexual acts and advances on the part of the employees in a workplace. Sexual harassment is, in fact, a form of discrimination towards the opposite sex or the same sex as well. The sexual conduct of a person may hamper the performance of an employee to a great extent. Sexual harassment may not necessarily be physical abuse. It may arise from sexual innuendos, sexual jokes or lewd pictures targeted at a specific person or posting offensive pictures openly on bulletin boards. However, the perception of sexual harassment may be different for both men and women. Two types of sexual harassment have been recognized at workplace- hostile working environment and quid pro quo. For instance, if a superior demands to have sexual relation with him/her to retain the job of an employee, or providing some other benefit, it is quid pro quo sexual harassment. An unwelcome, abusive or offensive work environment is ground for legal action. Such sexual harassments ma y be analyzed in court. Making unwelcome sexual comments or acting in a sexually inappropriate way or touching a person is hostile environment sexual harassment (Salman et al 2016). (b) Corporate Intelligence In the present times, transparency, accountability, and conduct are not sufficient to raise stakes and take business decisions. The competitive market shows that warranties are not enough to retain a high position in business. Some business firms tend to have more hegemonic power despite fewer resources. On the other hand, firms with less business resource tend to have more power. Any information about a business must be gathered in an ethical and legal way. However, getting information through unethical and illegal ways are issues which are noteworthy (Parello 2015). The given scenario may present the issue of ethics. Being personally related to the accountant, the decision on the part of the buyer may be biased. The buyer may ignore the ethical requirements that are not fulfilled by the accountant. Moreover, the opinion of the buyer may be biased towards the accountant. There may be people who are more desirable than the brother. Being personally related, the auditor may not behave professionally and may raise questionable issues. The buyer may not investigate into the business policies of the firm, clients, business activities, and owners that is run by his brother. The conflict in interest may arise as a result of conflict between professional obligation and self- interest. Inaccurate financial records may be placed in financial reports and this may lead to corporate scandals. While expanding a business globally, several ethical issues may crop up. The first ethical issue that may probably arise is that of operations. When companies expand their business globally, they develop local operations. Any normal practice considered illegal in the home country may be deemed legal in the host country. For instance, it may be highly essential to provide safe working conditions, provide proper wages and take care of environmental hazards in the home country. However, such parameters may not be considered by the local companies in the host country. In such a situation, the profitability of foreign companies may be at stake while small businesses compromise with such issues. This is an ethical issue for the operation manager of the foreign country (Weiss 2014). In many countries, companies from foreign market may not have to give high taxes. The low tax jurisdiction avoids the companies to pay high taxes through transfer pricing. In such a scenario, the low tax operation of the company lets it to transfer high costs to its home country. In this way, the company can retain most of the revenue locally. The companies thus pay very low tax while earning huge profits. Such transfer prices are often considered unethical and illegal (Matten 2015). An ethical issue considered highly in the present scenario is that of environment. All foreign countries do not have environmental legislations. Because of this, companies ignore the issue of environmental pollution and discharge toxic wastes into the environment thereby posing severe threat to the environment. Limiting the environmental footprint may be an ethical approach on the part of the company. Thus, going beyond local laws to protect the environment is an ethical standard that all companies must strive to maintain. Companies must ensure that the locals are not affected by the industrial pollutants generated from factories (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Corruption is another arena in which one may find severe business ethical issues. In most countries, bribe is very normal and is a daily aspect. Such corrupted practices are a result of competition in the local as well the international market. Offering money and other materialistic things to political parties and government officials are unethical. These are forms of indirect payment. However, implementation of strict policies and regulations may solve the problem to a great extent (Armstrong et al. 2013). References ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Armstrong, R.W., Stening, B.W., Ryans, J.K., Marks, L. and Mayo, M., 2013. International marketing ethics: problems encountered by Australian firms.Asia Pacific International Journal of Marketing. Beeri, I., Dayan, R., Vigoda-Gadot, E. and Werner, S.B., 2013. Advancing ethics in public organizations: The impact of an ethics program on employees perceptions and behaviors in a regional council.Journal of Business Ethics,112(1), pp.59-78. Berker, S., 2013. Epistemic teleology and the separateness of propositions. Philosophical Review, 122(3), pp.337-393. Bourne, L., 2016.Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Carroll, A.B. and Buchholtz, A.K., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Carroll, A.B., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.Organizational Dynamics,44, pp.87-96. Conway, P. and Gawronski, B., 2013. Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), p.216. Craft, J.L., 2013. A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), pp.221-259. Cuervo-Cazurra, A., 2016. Corruption in international business.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.35-49. eon Rossouw, D. and Van Vuuren, L., 2010.Business ethics. Oxford University Press, 2010. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Harrison, J.S. and Wicks, A.C., 2013. Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance.Business ethics quarterly,23(01), pp.97-124. Kaptein, M., 2015. The effectiveness of ethics programs: The role of scope, composition, and sequence.Journal of Business Ethics,132(2), pp.415-431. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Levi, M., 2013.Regulating Fraud (Routledge Revivals): White-Collar Crime and the Criminal Process. Routledge. Matten, D., 2015.Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. Oxford University Press. Parello, C.P., 2015. Model of corporate intelligence, secrecy, and economic growth.International Journal of Economic Theory,11(2), pp.205-229. Piquero, N.L. and Clipper, S., 2014.White Collar Crime(pp. 5531-5538). Springer New York. Rose-Ackerman, S. and Palifka, B.J., 2016.Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge university press. Salman, M., Abdullah, F. and Saleem, A., 2016. Sexual Harassment at Workplace and its Impact on Employee Turnover Intentions.Business Economic Review,8(1), pp.87-102. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Themes in of Mice and Men free essay sample

Themes, Motifs Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Predatory Nature of Human Existence Of Mice and Men teaches a grim lesson about the nature of human existence. Nearly all of the characters, including George, Lennie, Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, admit, at one time or another, to having a profound sense of loneliness and isolation. Each desires the comfort of a friend, but will settle for the attentive ear of a stranger. Curley’s wife admits to Candy, Crooks, and Lennie that she is unhappily married, and Crooks tells Lennie that life is no good without a companion to turn to in times of confusion and need. The characters are rendered helpless by their isolation, and yet, even at their weakest, they seek to destroy those who are even weaker than they. Perhaps the most powerful example of this cruel tendency is when Crooks criticizes Lennie’s dream of the farm and his dependence on George. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Having just admitted his own vulnerabilities—he is a black man with a crooked back who longs for companionship—Crooks zeroes in on Lennie’s own weaknesses. In scenes such as this one, Steinbeck records a profound human truth: oppression does not come only from the hands of the strong or the powerful. Crooks seems at his strongest when he has nearly reduced Lennie to tears for fear that something bad has happened to George, just as Curley’s wife feels most powerful when she threatens to have Crooks lynched. The novella suggests that the most visible kind of strength—that used to oppress others—is itself born of weakness. Fraternity and the Idealized Male Friendship One of the reasons that the tragic end of George and Lennie’s friendship has such a profound impact is that one senses that the friends have, by the end of the novella, lost a dream larger than themselves. The farm on which George and Lennie plan to live—a place that no one ever reaches—has a magnetic quality, as Crooks points out. After hearing a description of only a few sentences, Candy is completely drawn in by its magic. Crooks has witnessed countless men fall under the same silly spell, and still he cannot help but ask Lennie if he can have a patch of garden to hoe there. The men in Of Mice and Men desire to come together in a way that would allow them to be like brothers to one another. That is, they want to live with one another’s best interests in mind, to protect each other, and to know that there is someone in the world dedicated to protecting them. Given the harsh, lonely conditions under which these men live, it should come as no surprise that they idealize friendships between men in such a way. Ultimately, however, the world is too harsh and predatory a place to sustain such relationships. Lennie and George, who come closest to achieving this ideal of brotherhood, are forced to separate tragically. With this, a rare friendship vanishes, but the rest of the world—represented by Curley and Carlson, who watch George stumble away with grief from his friend’s dead body—fails to acknowledge or appreciate it. The Impossibility of the American Dream Most of the characters in Of Mice and Men admit, at one point or another, to dreaming of a different life. Before her death, Curley’s wife confesses her desire to be a movie star. Crooks, bitter as he is, allows himself the pleasant fantasy of hoeing a patch of garden on Lennie’s farm one day, and Candy latches on desperately to George’s vision of owning a couple of acres. Before the action of the story begins, circumstances have robbed most of the characters of these wishes. Curley’s wife, for instance, has resigned herself to an unfulfilling marriage. What makes all of these dreams typically American is that the dreamers wish for untarnished happiness, for the freedom to follow their own desires. George and Lennie’s dream of owning a farm, which would enable them to sustain themselves, and, most important, offer them protection from an inhospitable world, represents a prototypically American ideal. Their journey, which awakens George to the impossibility of this dream, sadly proves that the bitter Crooks is right: such paradises of freedom, contentment, and safety are not to be found in this world. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, and literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes. The Corrupting Power of Women The portrayal of women in Of Mice and Men is limited and unflattering. We learn early on that Lennie and George are on the run from the previous ranch where they worked, due to encountering trouble there with a woman. Misunderstanding Lennie’s love of soft things, a woman accused him of rape for touching her dress. George berates Lennie for his behavior, but is convinced that women are always the cause of such trouble. Their enticing sexuality, he believes, tempts men to behave in ways they would otherwise not. A visit to the â€Å"flophouse† (a cheap hotel, or brothel) is enough of women for George, and he has no desire for a female companion or wife. Curley’s wife, the only woman to appear in Of Mice and Men, seems initially to support George’s view of marriage. Dissatisfied with her marriage to a brutish man and bored with life on the ranch, she is constantly looking for excitement or trouble. In one of her more revealing moments, she threatens to have the black stable-hand lynched if he complains about her to the boss. Her insistence on flirting with Lennie seals her unfortunate fate. Although Steinbeck does, finally, offer a sympathetic view of Curley’s wife by allowing her to voice her unhappiness and her own dream for a better life, women have no place in the author’s idealized vision of a world structured around the brotherly bonds of men. Loneliness and Companionship Many of the characters admit to suffering from profound loneliness. George sets the tone for these confessions early in the novella when he reminds Lennie that the life of a ranch-hand is among the loneliest of lives. Men like George who migrate from farm to farm rarely have anyone to look to for companionship and protection. As the story develops, Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife all confess their deep loneliness. The fact that they admit to complete strangers their fear of being cast off shows their desperation. In a world without friends to confide in, strangers will have to do. Each of these characters searches for a friend, someone to help them measure the world, as Crooks says. In the end, however, companionship of his kind seems unattainable. For George, the hope of such companionship dies with Lennie, and true to his original estimation, he will go through life alone. Of Mice and Men offers limited, rather misogynistic, descriptions of women who are either dead maternal figures or prostitutes. Despite Steinbeck’s rendering, Curley’s wife emerges as a relatively complex and interesting character. Although her purpose is rather simple in the book’s opening pages—she is the â€Å"tramp,† â€Å"tart,† and â€Å"bitch† that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity—her appearances later in the novella become more complex. When she confronts Lennie, Candy, and Crooks in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind of shameless dissatisfaction with her life. Her vulnerability at this moment and later—when she admits to Lennie her dream of becoming a movie star—makes her utterly human and much more interesting than the stereotypical vixen in fancy red shoes. However, it also reinforces the novella’s grim worldview. In her moment of greatest vulnerability, Curley’s wife seeks out even greater weaknesses in others, preying upon Lennie’s mental handicap, Candy’s debilitating age, and the color of Crooks’s skin in order to steel herself against harm. Steinbeck does not give her a name because he wants to reflect her complete lack of individual indentity. Curleys wifes dream of becoming a movie star dies when she marries Curley. I think that you can see this symbolized in the fact that she is never even given a name in this book. That shows, to me, that she has essentially had who she is taken away by marrying Curley. If you think about it, now that shes married to Curley, what chance has she got of ever becoming anything? In those days, women didnt have a lot of opportunities once they married and Curley is even less likely than most men to ever let his wife get any independence. As jealous as he is, he would never let his wife become anything. Curleys Wife is trapped. She is locked into a rural social structure of the 1930s California farm life, and by the common stereotypes and social views of women and their role at that time. She is certainly portrayed as disadvantaged for her choice of husbands, as Curley is both abusive and unloving. Steinbeck also takes care to portray her as a character who is consumed by loneliness and hopelessness. She has dreamsgoing to Hollywood to be in the movieswhich will never come true. She wants things as simple as someone to talk to, but has a husband with a personality that is half anger and half jealousy. She is just one of several sympathetic characters in this novel.

Analytical Essay Sample on Tess of the D#8217;Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy

Analytical Essay Sample on Tess of the D#8217;Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy Wessex The fictionalized region of southwest England in which Hardy set all of his fiction. This region was somewhat backward in the late nineteenth century. Although industrialization had made the north of England and the region around London prosperous and modernized, southwest England was still rural, agricultural, and quite poor. Modern advancements in farming techniques were slow in coming to this region, and the transition to modernity was not easy. Hardy, who grew up and lived in the region, is particularly interested in showing the ways in which Wessex is caught between its old, traditional culture and modernization; little details showing this dilemma appear throughout Tess of the dUrbervilles and his other works. In some ways Wessex is as much a character in Hardys work as any of the people he depicts-and indeed, Tess is very much identified, physically and emotionally, with her surroundings in Wessex. Pure, purity Purity, both sexual and moral, is an important concept in Tess of the dUrbervilles. The word is used throughout the narrative with reference to Tess, and the subtitle of the book deems her A Pure Woman. (Even one of the inns where her father drinks is called The Pure Drop.) When applied to women in Victorian England, the concept of purity had specific reference to sexual chastity. By this definition, Tess very early on loses the right to be called pure. The word is nevertheless still applied to her. In this application, there is some degree of Hardys characteristic irony. But it also means something more. Hardy considers Tess pure because, despite her bodily state-that is, her loss of virginity-she is morally pure and innocent, uncorrupted by her hard life. When Hardy wrote this book, he knew that the characterization of a sexually fallen woman as pure would shock some readers, and indeed it did, but he thought it was important to show that the loss of virginity did not necessarily t horoughly corrupt a womans heart and mind. Dialect A localized way of speaking a language, distinct from standard usage. The local Wessex dialect is spoken by Tesss family and by the agricultural workers she knows, but Tess uses language closer to standard English. This is because she has been to school, where she has been taught a national standard version of the language. The change in speaking habits of people in Wessex and other areas of Britain was very much a hallmark of increasing modernization. As national schools and standards spread across the country, regional variations began to disappear. (This process is still ongoing, though it has been accelerated by radio and television.) Therefore, Tesss speech patterns are one more indicator of the way in which she is caught between the traditional world in which she was raised and the modern culture she confronts outside her village and home. Droit de seigneur An old custom of feudal days, in which lords had the right to demand sexual favors from peasant women bound to their estates. Although Hardy does not discuss the concept directly, this ancient custom has obvious relevance to Tesss plight with Alec dUrberville, who is a false lord but claims Tesss virginity nevertheless. Fallen, fallenness Middle-class Victorian ideas about womens sexuality were quite rigid and condemned women who engaged in any sort of sexual activity outside of marriage. It was thought that women who lost their virginity before marriage fell from their exalted position of chastity. This is one manifestation of the dichotomous view of women as either virgins or whores that has characterized much Western thought about the nature of women. In Victorian times the specific concept of fallenness took on a great deal of significance. It was thought that a woman who was fallen changed in her very nature-she might become not only more sinful, but more vain, unwilling to work, greedy, or otherwise immoral. This idea that fallen women were intrinsically different from and in all ways morally inferior to their pure or chaste counterparts is demonstrated in Tess of the dUrbervilles when Angel says to Tess that she is an entirely different person to him once he knows of her sexual past. Religious doubt The Victorian era was a deeply religious age, and faith was very important to many people in the era. Because of the great cultural significance of religion, the idea of religious doubt became controversial and much-publicized. In the later portion of the century, there were a large number of people who began to doubt the faith they had been taught. To some degree, this widespread doubt-which was particularly common among educated young men-can be attributed to scientific advances, particularly to the publication and general acceptance of Darwins evolutionary theories. When Angel Clare decides that he cannot believe literally in the principles of Christianity and decides not to become a clergyman, then, the event is not merely a personal decision. For readers, this would symbolize that he is a modern young man, participating in the intellectual and cultural movements of the day, however troubling this participation might have been to older people, for whom faith was still an importan t part of their culture. Fate, fatalism Hardy had a particular view of fate that plays itself out in most of his novels, and Tess of the dUrbervilles is no exception. Hardy believed that fate was a force that drove events, but that it was internal as well as external to people. In the case of Tess, her fate is largely driven by the discovery that she is a member of the old family of dUrberville. That fact of her existence is intrinsic to her-and, in Hardys view, it gives her certain character traits that condition her life-but it is also discovered through an external force, namely Parson Tringham. Because of this combination of internal and external forces, Hardy presents Tess as doomed almost from the very beginning. The novel concentrates very heavily on the ways in which Tess finds it impossible to escape her ultimate fate, because of the historical and cultural context in which she lives. This attitude that fate is inescapable, which is very characteristic of Hardy, particularly in his tragic later novels, is called f atalism. Banns Banns were an old-fashioned way of getting legal permission to marry. In this custom, an engaged couple had their names read out at church three Sundays in a row before the wedding could take place. Parishioners were told that they must object if they knew of any obstacle to the marriage. It was free to get married by banns, so they often used by the poor in preference to a license. Obtaining a marriage license from the state was both a more modern way of getting married and slightly more prestigious. Although Tess prefers getting married by license instead of banns because she is afraid that someone will tell Angel about her past, the marriage by license also symbolizes her wish to leave behind her sexual past and her class background as well as old traditions. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Tess of the dUrbervilles topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Palestine - Essay Example Under these techniques the Israeli Government restricted the citizenship for population of East Jerusalem; they also demolished the illegal houses. Government limited the city budget, and most of it evacuated the Palestinians who were living at West Bank. Due to these actions of the Government, people of Palestine felt threat to their homes and simultaneously their livings. Government in 2002 established a Separation Wall around East Jerusalem, this Wall separated the relations. People living inside the barrier were forced to be divided and had to disrupt their connections with the people left outside. This caused difficulty for the people of Palestine because many had to end-up their relations, businesses were highly affected, many had to face economic downfall, a lot lost their jobs, transportation problems etc. Before this partition East and West Jerusalem were one .i.e. all the operations were inter-related, and thus after the Partition daily lives of Palestinians is badly affected. The ways to enter or exit the East Jerusalem, there are check-points to pass where the passengers have to face strict inspections. These inspections have become the reason for the development of negative feelings regarding distress and degradation among the people. People avoid passing that passage because it causes disruption in their daily life (Spencer, 76). Restriction of Construction has caused the people of East Jerusalem to remain with their old homes and buildings. This has become a barrier for the businesses .i.e. no more buildings. One major difficulty is that families are expanding and the space is becoming congested. As a result there can be seen an increasing number of migration towards the cities at East, such as Al-Ezariyya and Abu-Dis. People migrate in-order to find peace and quality of life, but due to the restrictions of passing through Wall and strict

Internaional Business Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internaional Business - Article Example Normally, it is the last stage of the distribution process. Understanding the customer perceptions will help retailers to know about the nuances of marketing. Every retailer has to primarily identify his target market and the needs and expectations of that market and subsequently try to meet those expectations with efficient service. This is what exactly Costco is doing. Promotional strategies that are adopted by a retailer include different forms of communication to attract customer to the retail outlet. For example, in the case of Costco, the 'buy-in' strategy that the company adopted is a promotional strategy. The company bought as much inventory as possible after Procter and Gamble announced a price hike of 6%. This would help the company to hold stock for the future when other players would buy the same stock at a higher price. The face of the retailing industry has undergone significant global changes over the past two decades. Retailing has always focused on offering the best quality products to customers. Every retailer wants to offer the customers the right products at the right time at the right place and at the right price. Pricing the products and services might be a routine hob for most producers and retailers, but it involves a thorough and a deep understanding of the principles and practices governing the business environment. Adopting the right pricing strategy helps a company achieve its objective. To sustain and achieve its objectives in the competitive market, a company should adopt the most effective pricing mechanism. Thus, pricing is very important to a marketer. Before adopting a pricing strategy, certain factors like the demand for the product or service in the market, customers' perception, the sustainable margin, the image of the company in the market etc. Pricing is a very important aspect of the firms' existence and hence, firms must develop proper pricing strategies and convert them into effective competitive advantages. Pricing is the biggest challenge that marketers face, and quite often, they may feel that they have not set the right price. This may be due to several reasons. One of the most important is that prices are dependent on market factors. The sales of a product have an impact on the pricing mechanism. However, the sales of a product can increase because it has been priced too low and not because it has been priced right. Setting the right price can have a substantial impact on the profits of the firm. Costco is using the market penetration pricing strategy to attract customers. It is only a few products that can be called truly innovative products. Such products come into the market infrequently. Most of the times products introduced are copies of existing products with slight modifications. /firms try new approaches to attract customers who have many similar products to choose from. They employ sales promotions, membership cards, sponsorships, etc. to attract customers. Costco admits that more than half of its revenue is form membership fees. Firms resort to price cuts, and offer products below their competitors' prices to take away a large number of customers form their competitors. This is the strategy that Costco has adopted. The expectation in offering products at low prices is that one customers use the product, they will develop an interest in the product

International Differences in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Differences in Accounting - Essay Example IFRS 8 which replaced IAS14 (Deloitte & Touche, 2007), is the standard that deals with similar issues under IAS. Some of the major differences observed between SFAS 131 and IFRS 8 include the following: (Deloitte & Touche, 2007): While IFRS requires that measures of segment liabilities be disclosed if those measures are provided regularly to the chief operating decision maker, under SFAS No. 131 such disclosures are not required. Under IFRS 8, the core principle is used as the basis for determining the operating segments of an entity while under IFRS the products or services are used as the basis for determining the operating segments. Differences may also arise as a result of different interpretation of rules by companies in different countries despite the similarities that may exist between the rules. (Roberts et al, 2005). For example because many areas of accounting require the use of estimates, forecasts or judgments companies may differ in the way they estimate, forecast or judge in different situations. (Roberts et al, 2005). A distinction must be made between accounting r... (Roberts et al, 2005). For example because many areas of accounting require the use of estimates, forecasts or judgments companies may differ in the way they estimate, forecast or judge in different situations. (Roberts et al, 2005). iii. Differences in Preferred Accounting Practice. A distinction must be made between accounting regulations or de jure issues, and actual practices, or de facto issues. (Weetman et al, 1998; Roberts et al, 2005). A number of options are contained in accounting regulations as well as there may also be a large number of issues which are not covered by accounting regulations at all, giving companies even more choice. (Roberts et al, 2005). While it is relatively straightforward (although not necessarily easy) to compare the accounting practices of two countries, this may tell us relatively little about how similar the accounting practices of two companies actually are in areas were discretion exists. (Roberts et al, 2005). De facto practices may differ considerably across countries, even if there are few de jure differences. Alternatively, all companies, irrespective of country domicile, choose wherever possible to use similar methods, de facto differences may be less than de jure differences. (Roberts et al, 2005). b). Having identified the ways accounting practices may differ, the study will now take a look at the importance of the differences to preparers of financial reports and user groups. The main preparers identified by Roberts et al (2005), include companies while users include companies, investors and other user groups. Companies that carry out trade in different carries such as multinational companies are

Critical Appraisal Role Of Physiotherapy Health And Social Care Essay

Critical Appraisal Role Of Physiotherapy Health And Social Care Essay The aim of this assignment is to critically appraise the scientific research paper The role of physiotherapy in the treatement of subacromial impingement syndrome by Dickens, Williams Bhamra (2005) while detailing the objectives of the paper, research methods used and the outcomes of the research findings. What is the scientific paper is about? The aims of the research paper according to Dickens Williams Bhamara (2005:1) was to investiagte the effectiveness of a physiotherapy programme in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. This paper did not outline specific modalities and was reliant on convincing the reader that physiotherapy should be viewed as a first line management for subacromial impingement syndrome against the present orthepedic view which would swing towards operative intervention as the corrective action. The paper was published by Elsevier for the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy by a combined group of physiotherapists and Orthepedic surgeons and was funded by the Physiotherapy Research Foundation. When combined these groups may lead the paper to be viewed as self servicing and lead the reader to pinpoint a lack of impartiality. Patients for the research where taken from a waiting list for surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome. Each of these patients was independently reviewed by surgeon James L Williams, a coauthor of the paper, and had underwent three steroid injections into the subacromial space, given at 6-weekly intervals as part of an exisiting protocol (Dickens et al, 2005:160). The study was conducted in a randomised fashion in that the eighty five clients were selected by giving a client on a surgical waiting list an envelope that had within it either control or physiotherapy, 45 joined the physiotherapy group while 40 joined the control group. There were 100 envelopes split 50:50 between the groups which leads the reader to believe this may have been quasi-randomised. In order to assess physiotherapy without bias clients who had previous physiotherpay treatement were excluded from the study according to Dickens et al. Also clients with signs of cervical radiculopathy, adhesive capsulitis or clinically obvious rotator cuff tears or a grade III subacromial spur on their shoulder suprasinatus outlet radiograph (Dickens et al, 2005:160). The randomised fashion was administered by human administrators and not via a computerised system. A control group was used and this group had no alternative but to continue on towards surgical intervention, this created a bias for this group since the probability for having surgical intervention was P-1. Intitially the group of patients numbered eighty five patients from an initial set of 100 envelopes. 9 of the initial 40 patients in the control group refused to attend the repeat assessmemt at the end of the program, 3 of the physiotherapy group dropped out for social reasons leaving 42 partcipating in there group. Due to the substantial number of dropouts weight must be given to the emergence of unfairness to any comparsion portrayed in the paper. Follow up occurred after a 6 month period and performed by James L Williams, a coauthor of the paper, and may not have been blind since he could have easily discussed whether they felt they still needed surgery (Dickens et al, 2005:161). How the study was designed? The aims of the research paper according to Dickens Williams Bhamara (2005:1) was to investigate the effectiveness of a physiotherapy programme in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. According to the Webster dictionary the word effectiveness means to produce a desired effect, the desired effect is not established in the aim. This ambiguity around the aim of the paper leaves any conclusion open to interpretation by the reader. When the paper is read in its entirety you could potentially interpret the aim as conveying the message that physiotherapy should be first line management for subacromial impingement therefore moving interventive surgery to second line. There is no published pilot data therefore we cannot correctly establish if the sample size for the scientific paper is justified. We do know that the randomisation process catered for 100 patients, 100 envelopes, of which only 85 were taken up, 72 patients successfully making it to the reassessement stage. The age ranges within the groups have relevance to the outcome of the scientific research. We only have a mean age of each group without an reference to outliers who could affect the statistical data. It is clear that the more junior males respond better under all conditions. This contradicts the statement the two groups were well matched for age, sex and initial constant score (Dickens et al, 2005:161). The probability values (p-values) have been averaged (p This lack of depth in the data provided does not allow the reader to establish if a null hypothesis was proved and may lead them to believe this was pure coincidence. Scientific research should always start from the null hypothesis point of view to ensure impartiality. The selection process for patients, waiting list for surgery, post steroid injection, exclusion of specific pathologies, clinical history and examination meant the group may have been skewed to fulfill the authors aims. Steriod injections can provide an improvement in subacromial impingement due to its anti-inflammatory effect. The selection process did not seem to take into account the duration nor the severity of the impingement syndrome on the individual nor if they were receiving treatment from other practitioners not listed. There is no detailed information regarding the treatment programme dispensed to the physiotherapy patients. If a specific treatment programme had been documented and applied to all patients in this group more quantative data and allowed the research to be replicated and potentially validated by other authors. This would have also allowed the treatments to be cross referenced with socio demographic data from each patient and establish sub sets within the master data. We are unsure how the null findings are interpreted since the authors do not detail this. Nor have they given any data around the chi-squared test. Probability values are give in a round format (p The constant score has a low systematic error but is not reliable for clinical follow up in patients.The constant scores taken at the start of the research were based on 85 patients not on the same 72 patients whom allowed themselves to be reassessed at the end of the programme. This lead to a lack of confidence in the method used by the authors to compare pre and post programme data, they may not have itemised which data belonged to each patient and therefore could not remove this anomoly. The involvement of James L Williams in the reassessment process ensured a lack of blinding and a bias, though the authors clearly did not see this position the follow up assessments were performed by JLW in a blinded situation (Dickens et al, 2005:162). All assessments should have been performed by a validated third party reusing the initial assessment criteria. Since we have no detailed information about the modalities utilised, treatment cycles matched with socio demographic information there is no clinical relevance to the outcomes. To have clinical relevance the process needs to be reproducable which is highly unlikely based on the information presented in the scientific paper. How was the study conducted? A quasi-randomised human administer method of 100 envelopes split evenly between the control and physiotherapy groups were handed out to 85 patients. All 85patients were told that participation on the programme would not affect there standing on a waiting list for surgery. This promise may have affected participation since they would have already been convinced of the necessity for surgery by an orthepedic surgeon. The dropping out of patients in both groups weakened the statistical data which the paper relies upon and imbalanced any findings. Interpreting clinical programmes requires greater participants reducing any potential for the play of chance. How was the study analysed and were there limitation and errors in the study? Each treatment group should have been similar based on age, sex, duration of syndrome, decrease in range of movement and similar capacities to perform the home care plan. Based on the information conveyed in the paper we must assume none of these points were established and therefore does not allowed for each group to have a comparable baseline. The quasi-randomised allocation of each patient to a group ensured that the treatment groups were not comparable. Since all participants stayed within their allocated groups we can establish that the intention was for the results to be analysed by intention to treat. Unfortunately there were patient withdrawals from the programme which would allow to construe that the comparision of treatments would no longer be fair. Also the treatment received within the physiotherapy group as a whole may have differed from individual to individual but no patient moved between groups. Not enough importance was placed on statistical information like the control group having members who improved, yet were not involved in the physiotherapy programme. Also confounding may have occured due to the pre programme steroid injection. Steroid injections are interrelated to anti inflammatory improvements in a range of impingement syndromes. The report had no reference to any confidence intervals which would have ensured the removal of the chance effect and imporved the significance of any statistics. The lack of statistical data in table format and the reliance on prose within the paper show the paper to be more a marketing document than a reliable source of data. Quantative data tables would have allowed the reader to view and validate the authors outcomes. This lack of independence in data lead the reader to wonder does the data actually support the outcome. The approach of only conveying results taken by the authors, could create suspicion in the mind of the reader, undermines the credibility of the paper. Side effects are an important factor in all scientific research papers. What if the side effect of the treatment modalities outwayed the alternative approach taken by the control group. Effectiveness of treatment and a lesser set of side effects would need to be established against the control group to ensure there is no bias. Since there is no mention of side effects for either groups we can only assume that the authors wished to purposefully withhold this information. This factor only would ensure that it clinical relevant is negated. How would you interpret the study and what if any are the implications of the study for your practice? The main finding confirms that a physiotherapy programme is of benefit (Dickens et al, 2005:163) does not confirm the objective of the scientific paper. All the paper conveys is that there are successful alternatives to surgery for a subset of the population. There are too many pervasive factors to rely on the statistical significance of the data put forward by the authors. No true finding can be extracted from the paper and it portrays a message set by the authors who went out to prove it. Therefore I cannot see any attempt by the authors to perform a null hypothesis test which should have been their approach. The only assumption to an attempt at a null hypothesis is the assumption that at the outset of the programme no difference existed between all patients in each group. Other alternatives could account for the 11 physiotherapy group patients improving, steriod injection, age, change in lifestyle etc. This overlooking of the steroid injection pre programme participation has a major impact on the validity of the results. The severity and duration of the syndrome on the patient could potentially have an impact of any positive results. The research funder being a physiotherapy organisation has may have had an effect on the interpretation of data. The length of gap between the post surgery and final step in the physiotherapy programme and final assessment may have had an effect on the results. Rehabilitation programmes may not have been adhered to during this period. Why not take periodical assessements every fortnight over the final 6 month period? We also do not know how the drop outs from the programme affect the data use to support the outcome. We can only assume if this data was removed the outcome may have not supported the objective and therefore shown the physiotherapy is not or no more effective than surgery. Alarmingly this scientific research paper references 26 papers published prior to 2000, the oldest being from 1973, while only 5 papers are based between 200 and the time of release of the paper. This points to either a lack of interest in the particular field or a selective extraction of papers to support the authors objective. Normally supporting information referencing in other reports should be relatively up to date and from journals of quality. Ideally a research paper should look to changing your clinical practice. This paper does not provide me with any rational to change nor if it had a credible case would I understand what I should be changing. Since I cannot replicate the treatment modalities used within the study I cannot change practise nor would I recommend another practioner to perform the same.

The Ubiquitous Tomato :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Ubiquitous Tomato Each year, millions of Americans, anxious after the confinement of winter, are excited when spring begins. Home improvement stores and nurseries entice gardeners with announcements of special sales on items for the home garden. People converge on the nurseries in throngs, looking for the best plants to purchase. Much of the frenzy focuses on plants that yield edible products; one favorite American pastime is backyard gardening. Many backyard gardeners say that they don't have sufficient yard space to grow fruits and vegetables, and restrict their hobby to vegetable gardening. The backyard gardener may have more growing space than he/she thinks. If you eat ketchup with your hash brown or French fried potatoes, you know that ketchup is produced from tomatoes. You may enjoy a marinara sauce with pasta, and you know that the sauce contains tomatoes and tomato products. How about the sauce on the last pizza you ordered? The sauce is derived from tomatoes. The three items described are products of tomato plants, possibly the most common vegetable grown in home gardens. Perhaps you enjoy some of the many flavors of jams and jellies with your toast. Have you tried the tomato jam? I enjoy fruit with yogurt, but I have not been able to find yogurt with tomatoes. If I tell you that the tomato is a fruit, does it sound odd to suggest a slice of cheesecake covered with a sugary tomato glaze? You may think, "The tomato is a vegetable, not a fruit!" I reply, "Let's check the dictionary for a definition. We should be able to clear this confusion easily." The dictionary describes fruit as: "(1) a product of plant growth, (2) a succulent plant part used chiefly in a dessert or sweet course." The dictionary describes vegetable as: "... a herbaceous plant (as the cabbage, bean, or potato) grown for an edible part (e.g. stems, leaves, or roots) that is usually eaten as part of a meal." After we compare the definitions in the dictionary, our search for a solution to our dilemma has become more puzzling. A tomato is a "product of plant growth," but we don't think of the tomato as a "dessert." The definition for a vegetable appears to describe the tomato better than the definition for a fruit. Is this enough information to draw a conclusion? If tomatoes were fruit, we might find chocolate covered tomatoes in the candy store! Let's bring this issue to closure quickly and look for the definition of tomato in the dictionary. The Ubiquitous Tomato :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers The Ubiquitous Tomato Each year, millions of Americans, anxious after the confinement of winter, are excited when spring begins. Home improvement stores and nurseries entice gardeners with announcements of special sales on items for the home garden. People converge on the nurseries in throngs, looking for the best plants to purchase. Much of the frenzy focuses on plants that yield edible products; one favorite American pastime is backyard gardening. Many backyard gardeners say that they don't have sufficient yard space to grow fruits and vegetables, and restrict their hobby to vegetable gardening. The backyard gardener may have more growing space than he/she thinks. If you eat ketchup with your hash brown or French fried potatoes, you know that ketchup is produced from tomatoes. You may enjoy a marinara sauce with pasta, and you know that the sauce contains tomatoes and tomato products. How about the sauce on the last pizza you ordered? The sauce is derived from tomatoes. The three items described are products of tomato plants, possibly the most common vegetable grown in home gardens. Perhaps you enjoy some of the many flavors of jams and jellies with your toast. Have you tried the tomato jam? I enjoy fruit with yogurt, but I have not been able to find yogurt with tomatoes. If I tell you that the tomato is a fruit, does it sound odd to suggest a slice of cheesecake covered with a sugary tomato glaze? You may think, "The tomato is a vegetable, not a fruit!" I reply, "Let's check the dictionary for a definition. We should be able to clear this confusion easily." The dictionary describes fruit as: "(1) a product of plant growth, (2) a succulent plant part used chiefly in a dessert or sweet course." The dictionary describes vegetable as: "... a herbaceous plant (as the cabbage, bean, or potato) grown for an edible part (e.g. stems, leaves, or roots) that is usually eaten as part of a meal." After we compare the definitions in the dictionary, our search for a solution to our dilemma has become more puzzling. A tomato is a "product of plant growth," but we don't think of the tomato as a "dessert." The definition for a vegetable appears to describe the tomato better than the definition for a fruit. Is this enough information to draw a conclusion? If tomatoes were fruit, we might find chocolate covered tomatoes in the candy store! Let's bring this issue to closure quickly and look for the definition of tomato in the dictionary.

Comparison and Contrast of three essays Essay

We all know that education is one of the most important things in human life. A person needs to be educated in order to have a good future ahead of him. However, there are people who are less fortunate when it comes to education because they cannot afford to come to school. Today, learning is not a matter of gift to share but a wealth for some because they use education to gain money and not the aim of education for people. Because of these scenarios, some people hide their feelings of guilt and pity through text – some of them are Nock, Vetter, and Mitchell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nock’s perception of education in his article entitle â€Å"The Disadvantages of Being Educated† is opposite from the dictation of the society that education will lead to a better future. For Nock, education will lead to dissatisfaction of man. If a man is educated, he will search for more and would not be contented in what he has. He will continue to ask for more even if he has a good status in the society; he will seek for more fame and richness. Therefore, he would rather not be educated and live a simple and normal life rather than having a well-educated mind but not contented with everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vetter’s perception of writing on the other hand in his article entitle â€Å"Bonehead Writing† is odd. He used to observe people who want to learn how to write a good text, letter, or even a good paragraph because he perceived that writing is innate and not something that can be learn for it is very hard especially for less fortunate and uneducated people. Once a person survived in a writing class, it is like surviving its life in the forest. For him, whether you take minutes, hours, or days of writing, it will still be senseless if you do not have the capability or the â€Å"gift† of writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the article of Mitchell, he showed the true meaning of hunger – not the hunger of stomach but the hunger of mind. Many of the people in America is illiterate, though it is a first world country, there are still people who are uneducated that are unable to read and write. This kind of situation made him feel uncomfortable because America is known for being the first world country. However, he focused his attention to the problem of educators because they are the one who took place and authority in teaching and educating the people preferably the students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These three authors of the said articles have different attack in their writing but their similarity is their purpose in their essay. All of them want to impose the needs and present situation of education not only in the United States but in the whole world as well. Nock relates his essay to the uneducated or less educated people because his attack is for educated people, it is a bias perception of the author towards the uneducated people can somehow help but not as always. Vetter’s attack focused on the needs of writing. He wants his readers to feel the incapacity of some people in writing. Through his ideas, his aim for change is not thoroughly established because he made the article too light to handle and because of this, readers would take it as an entertainment than being an educated article. On the other hand, Mitchell is the most serious writer of them all. Mitchell focused his full attention to the real situation of the world, though he wants to focus on America’s problem, it also relates to the problem of different countries. Mitchell’s attack towards the educators and other factors do not make a problematic argument because he delivers his perception and notion of hunger in a factual form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a whole, they delivered well what they want to utter to the readers. They are different attacks but their aim are similar from one another, one of them bought entertainment while educating the readers, one takes the situation in academic environment with a light scenario, and one is serious in what he state. All of them made a revelation of what is happening, but the problem is that they do not state the possible solutions to the problems they have encountered. Reference Name. (date). Title. Publisher

Film Portfolio Example Essays

Film Portfolio Example Essays Film Portfolio Example Paper Film Portfolio Example Paper Double Indemnity! By Chris Hale! Director! Inspiration, aims, goals! Being a director for the first time was quite a challenging task but I really wanted to experience this role and see how much of a difference I could make towards the final film. In order to get an idea of the sort of things a director does I took a look at a couple of videos, and since our task was to replicate a scene from Double Indemnity I decided it would be a good idea to have a look at the type of styles that Billy Wilder, the director for the film, had used. After some research I found out that Billy Wilder ended to use various techniques in his films such as low key lighting and the blind effect. I decided to try and use the exact techniques in my film so I could try and replicate the same effects it had on the viewers. Planning and Research! As a director I knew planning would be a key part of my role, I had to organism several things such as getting the right actors as well as finding suitable dates to film. All in all it was quite a hard task, however I found a fantastic way of communicating with my whole film group through the use of Backbone. I made a private group for ourselves and it turned out to work very efficiently. Two examples of the communication we had going on in the group I was also able to do tasks such as find out who was available on which days of the week and to keep the group informed on our overall progress. : Here is the table I used on the Backbone group to find when our group and actors were available to film We also had a long think about the actors we were going to need for the project. We came up with a list of suitable actors and then sent them a message to see if they were at all interested in acting for our group. In the end we managed to get both our priority actors whom we thought resembled the actors in the clip the most and so we were very pleased with the result. An example of one of the conversations with our actors One of the first things we decided to do was find a location, this was actually quite an easy task as I knew my house, located in Hong Look Yen, was quite a suitable match for replicating the scene in the clip. The living room was quite spacious and towards the side was an arc which very well resembled the arc in the clip. It was also quite a convenient place for myself, the roof and the actors since everyone lived relatively near to the location. The Arc in the image above which closely resembled the on the clip to the right was a big aspect of why we decided to film in this particular house We had several discussions as a group about the story board but in the end I opted not to create a storyboard since we were replicated a clip to its exact specifications and we could always use the clip as a reference if needed. Technical details! As for the technical side of things the biggest role I played was helping out the interoperable with the lighting and the camera ISO settings. We worked together in trying various ISO settings to see if we could balance the quality and lighting to get a perfect film noir-sis feel. I also used the LED light that we were given and experimented with it to see the differences in lighting as seen in the picture below. A couple of pictures showing the difference between using the LED light (right) and not using any artificial light (left) Apart from this I had a quick look at the clips we had taken and helped the editor ecocide which clips we should use for the final production since we did take many multiple shots of the same scene Just in case on any accidents. Reflection and Evaluation! In the end I think the film turned out pretty well, however we did have a few obstacles to overcome which no doubt made our lives more difficult but at the end of the day as a whole group we were quite pleased with the final production. One of the main problems we did have was finding the right dates to film since our actors were relatively busy with other events during the periods we wanted to film, adding to this problem was that one of our actors was working for another group and so it proved to be quite a hassle trying to find a suitable date to film. In the end we were unfortunate that on the day we were planning to film one of our actors was sick and so unfortunately we were only able to film once rather than twice which is what we originally planned. But the clips from the first filming take were pretty good and so it wasnt a huge problem that we werent unable to polish the film with a second film take. I think in order to avoid this next time myself as a director have to be more organized he the dates of filming and have backup dates in case anything occurs such as one of the actors being sick. Other than that we didnt run into any other major problems. The filming itself was very successful and efficient as we only had to spend around 2 hours setting up and getting the right shots. As a director I had a clear idea of how I wanted the film to be done and so I was very clear with my cinematographer showing him exactly what I wanted and even in some cases showing him the movement I wanted of the camera angles. Word count: 997

The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything - CoSchedule Blog

The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything Blog Email marketing is complex. From planning to execution to measurement, there are tons of things you need to build an effective strategy. Even producing one piece of email content requires several steps. Here’s a short list of line items to create an email newsletter: Ideation. Writing subject lines. Customizing preheader text. Crafting body copy. Design. Adding tracking codes. Editing and review. Selecting email list segments. Scheduling delivery time. Hitting send. Reviewing performance data. Reporting. That’s quite a number of things to take into account, and this is for just one piece. So, it’s a good thing you’ve found this post. In order to help you work as efficiently and effectively as possible, it includes a roundup of nine email marketing templates and other posts you need to learn how to use each one. Plus, it also covers other tools (free and paid), resources, and templates you can use to get everything you need to get  done. The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything by @Ben_Which Templates Does This Post Include? There’s something here for every step of the process, from planning, to execution, to measurement. Here’s everything you’ll find in the free bundle below: Table of Contents Email Marketing Calendar Template Email Marketing Strategy Template Email Newsletter Template Email Marketing Report Template Email Subject Line Writing Templates Email Subject Line A/B Test Template Welcome Email Newsletter Template 21 Ways to Build an Email List (Guide) Best Email Send Times Guide Download them now, then get the low-down on how to use them. Email Marketing Calendar Template Plan your work, then work your plan. That’s a common mantra heard around the office. There’s a good reason for that, too. It’s easier to work efficiently toward meaningful goals when you’re not frantically scrambling. The best way to plan email marketing is on a calendar. Here are some of the benefits behind using one: Being intentional about what you send. They keep deadlines visible to all team members. Managing delivery times and scheduling. Without a calendar, email marketing often descends into chaos. So, with this template, you can organize: Send dates and times. Email owners. Email type. Target / persona. Source. Buying season. Email list. Lead stories and email content. Here's what you can do with an email marketing calendar:It’s a simple spreadsheet that’s easy to update, too. There are three rows for each month, but it’s easy to edit if you need to plan more emails per month. Start with your send date and time, who’s creating this email, which category it falls under, and which persona or customer segment it targets: Next, fill in the source (which might be a blog post, campaign brief, or anywhere else to find more information about the content this email will promote), buying season (if seasonal buying cycles are relevant), and the name of the email list segment that should receive the email: Finally, list which pieces of content the email will promote. These could be headlines, general ideas, or anything else that’s helpful for indicating each type of content that will be dropped into the newsletter: Recommended Reading: The Best Email Marketing Calendar You Need to Manage Marketing Newsletters Email Marketing Strategy Template Without a strategy, you’re just winging it, and hoping for the best. It’s tough to achieve much  success that way. Even harder to sustain it, too. So, why risk failure when you plan to succeed? While hitting your goals is never guaranteed, developing a sound strategy is an essential starting point. Any type of marketing strategy effectively revolves around four ideas: Who are you trying to reach? How will you try to reach them? What do you want them to do? How will you measure results? Documenting your strategy can dramatically improve your results, too. For evidence, a study found marketers with documented strategies were 538% more likely to be successful. Using the PowerPoint-based template in this post, you’ll start by identifying your target audience: Next, you’ll figure out ways to build your email list: That list will then need to be broken into specific audience segments: Then, you’ll plan your execution and schedule: And what you’ll measure to gauge success: Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Organize an Effective Email Marketing Strategy Email Newsletter Template Your email copy needs to be clean, crisp, and persuasive. It also helps to keep your content organized and easy to edit. Handing off a Word doc to an editor is easier for review purposes than immediately writing directly into an email editor. This template includes everything you need to document the following: Subject line options. Preheader text. Intro copy. Lead story content blocks. Call to action. Those are all the elements included in most email newsletters, but since the template is a simple Word doc, it’s easy enough to edit to fit your needs. Recommended Reading: How to Create Awesome Internal Company Newsletters That Actually Get Read Email Marketing Report Template Marketing without measurement is a fool’s errand. You need to know which actions produced which results. More than this, though, you also need to be able to explain how you made an impact to your company and your clients. If you can make that data look appealing and easy to understand, so much the better. That’s what this template is intended to help you achieve. It’s a well-designed PowerPoint deck that makes it easy to present data and numbers in a way that isn’t super dry. Recommended Reading: Email Marketing Analytics: How to Measure and Report on the Most Important Metrics Email Subject Line Template Without a good subject line, nothing else in your email matters. However, writing them well is easier said than done. If you need a spark of inspiration, these fill-in the-blank templates should help: Then, you can score your subject lines using ’s free Email Subject Line Tester: Recommended Reading: Everything You Need to Know About Writing Awesome Email Subject Lines Email Subject Line A/B Testing Template Now, writing subject lines is an art. One of the best ways to improve your skills is to A/B test subject lines. Over time, this will help you understand what works best with your audience. Most email service providers have built-in A/B testing functionality: MailChimp Campaign Monitor ActiveCampaign Constant Contact Then, use the template to track your results: Recommended Reading: How to Make an Email Newsletter Your Customers Love Welcome Email Newsletter Template What’s the first thing your new subscribers see when they sign up for your email newsletter? If it’s not a well-written welcome email, you might be missing out on an opportunity to retain more subscribers, and convert more customers. With this template, you’ll be able to craft effective welcome copy that makes a warm introduction. To put it to full use, check out Scott Cohen’s blog post on writing them, and follow the great examples curated by Michael Quoc in this post, too. Email List Building Guide Before you can succeed with email marketing, you need to have a list. After all, without recipients, an email newsletter is worth much. But, how do you start building a list? Fortunately, there are tons of ways to start building email contacts before you have a list going. And that’s exactly what this brief PDF guide will help you get started with. Recommended Reading: 21+ Easy Ways to Build an Email List That Will Skyrocket By 140% in a Year Best Email Send Times (Guide) Every time you send an email, you want to make sure you’ve optimized every variable to tilt the odds of success in your favor. One simple factor you can control is your email delivery times. According to curated data from 10 different studies, here are the best days to send email: And the best times: So, this is what curated research shows. But, how do you determine what works best for you? That’s where this free PDF guide comes in, included in your template bundle. It’ll walk you through how to use your own data, to help determine your own email schedule: Recommended Reading: What 10 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email Other Places to Find Email Templates So far, you’ve seen all the templates the team has built to make email marketing easier. But, what if you need something that’s not listed here? Don’t worry, check out these other resources. Campaign Monitor If you’re a Campaign Monitor customer, they’ve made tons of templates available that you can use to quickly create your email newsletter. Envato Templates for MailChimp MailChimp is massively popular, and lots of third parties have built templates that work on the platform. ActiveCampaign ActiveCampaign offers a robust marketing automation platform that includes an effective email platform. If you’re a customer, you may have seen their complete lineup of templates, too: Theme Forest Constant Contact customers aren’t left out here, either. The folks at ThemeForest have several paid templates available for the platform (as well as others): Recommended Reading: The Best Email Marketing Sending Frequency Backed By 20 Studies 3 Sources for HTML Email Templates Modern email marketing platforms make it easy to create marketing emails without needing to learn code. But, what if you’re old-school and prefer hard-coded HTML? There are plenty of sources to find helpful templates for you, too. Raw HTML emails do still offer some advantages some marketers like, such as design flexibility and editability. If this type of template is what you’re after, check out the following places. ColorLib Making HTML emails mobile-friendly and responsive can be tough. These 25 templates, frameworks, and layouts meet both of those criteria. Litmus The team at Litmus knows email marketing inside and out. Naturally, they have an array of templates available for creating different types of email content. What’s great about theirs is how they’re organized by industry and use case: HTMLEmail.io These HTML email templates are compatible with most major email service providers, and they’re responsive too. Keep in mind they aren’t free, though ($49 for a single client license, or $299 for an unlimited license). The lineup of compatible ESPs these templates work with includes several familiar logos: Recommended Reading: Get Inspired Now With 21 Examples of Awesome Email Marketing Keep Email Marketing Organized With Before you go, take a minute to check out . It’s an industry-favorite marketing calendar platform, and it now integrates with popular email service providers  to keep all your email marketing organized (alongside all your other projects). With , you can: Integrate your marketing calendar with your email service provider: See deadlines and publish dates for every email: Add email content on your calendar and get visibility into everything, all in one place. Manage your email marketing process: With Task Templates and Discussion Threads, you can easily collaborate with your team and manage workflows more productively. Start your free trial now and get 14 days free. Go Put Your Templates to Use Now that you have tons of different resources available, it’s time to get down to work. Here’s a quick recap of what you’ve just read: You’ve downloaded your free template bundle. Then, you’ve gotten a brief summary on each post explaining how to use each one. Finally, you took a look at other sources for more templates you might need. Hopefully, this will all help make doing better email marketing, easier. Best of luck.